
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X34. Additional results: alternative measurement of territorial autonomy - RAI self-rule index.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A119)</td><td>Min. (model A120)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A121)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A122)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-1.393<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.539</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.518)</td><td>(0.910)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.641<sup>*</sup></td><td>1.197</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.698)</td><td>(1.189)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">RAI self-rule x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.933</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(2.266)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.406<sup>**</sup></td><td>2.634<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.925)</td><td>(0.880)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>-2.017</td><td>5.858<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(3.541)</td><td>(2.029)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>4.213</td><td>4.824</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(6.102)</td><td>(5.652)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-2.789</td><td>-3.020</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(2.856)</td><td>(2.733)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>0.452</td><td>5.335<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.859)</td><td>(0.785)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>5.422<sup>*</sup></td><td>5.719<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(2.415)</td><td>(2.296)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-2.163<sup>†</sup></td><td>-2.317<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.179)</td><td>(1.145)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.860</td><td>0.884</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.786)</td><td>(0.797)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.276<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.384<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.521<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.489<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.127)</td><td>(0.125)</td><td>(0.284)</td><td>(0.239)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.054</td><td>0.178</td><td>0.444</td><td>0.454</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.154)</td><td>(0.175)</td><td>(0.407)</td><td>(0.404)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>-0.0004</td><td>-0.0001</td><td>-0.002<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.002<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.392</td><td>0.459<sup>†</sup></td><td>-1.602</td><td>-1.552</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.726)</td><td>(0.263)</td><td>(1.475)</td><td>(1.586)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.062</td><td>0.030</td><td>0.367</td><td>0.358</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.247)</td><td>(0.151)</td><td>(0.638)</td><td>(0.645)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.091</td><td>-0.117</td><td>-0.398<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.414<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.132)</td><td>(0.130)</td><td>(0.162)</td><td>(0.167)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.285</td><td>-0.642<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.772</td><td>-0.726</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.303)</td><td>(0.288)</td><td>(0.550)</td><td>(0.566)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.011</td><td>-0.195</td><td>-0.229</td><td>-0.201</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.192)</td><td>(0.166)</td><td>(0.581)</td><td>(0.572)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>-0.689</td><td>-3.111<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.781</td><td>1.824</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.938)</td><td>(0.919)</td><td>(1.491)</td><td>(1.513)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>2.807<sup>*</sup></td><td>1.192</td><td>1.338</td><td>1.436</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.295)</td><td>(1.718)</td><td>(1.560)</td><td>(1.625)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.476</td><td>0.670</td><td>0.224</td><td>0.214</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.543)</td><td>(0.500)</td><td>(0.512)</td><td>(0.515)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">RAI self-rule</td><td>0.189</td><td>-0.931</td><td>1.296</td><td>-0.691</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.927)</td><td>(1.022)</td><td>(1.163)</td><td>(1.897)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.692<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.725<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.143)</td><td>(0.241)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.042<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.041<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.018)</td><td>(0.023)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.001</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>1.234<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.353<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.306)</td><td>(0.416)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.088</td><td>0.110</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.194)</td><td>(0.203)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.017</td><td>-0.019</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.018)</td><td>(0.020)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.0004</td><td>0.0004</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0004)</td><td>(0.0005)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.326</td><td>-0.199</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.255)</td><td>(1.272)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>-0.393</td><td>-1.103</td><td>-28.005<sup>***</sup></td><td>-29.103<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(3.372)</td><td>(3.203)</td><td>(7.300)</td><td>(6.889)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>12,816</td><td>107,948</td><td>136,191</td><td>136,191</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-414.422</td><td>-589.162</td><td>-283.149</td><td>-281.657</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>936.845</td><td>1,286.323</td><td>682.297</td><td>681.314</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
